-------------------------------------------------------- From: "Brian Hill" <•••@••.•••> To: "Richard K. Moore" <•••@••.•••> Subject: Fw: [toeslist] A Bush-Nazi Timeline Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2004 22:51:46 -0700 ----- Original Message ----- From: "John Wilmerding" <•••@••.•••> To: <•••@••.•••> Sent: Wednesday, October 20, 2004 9:50 PM Subject: [toeslist] A Bush-Nazi Timeline ----- Downloaded ----- http://raenergy.igc.org/bnt.html A Bush-Nazi Timeline "History tells us what's possible." -- False president George Walker Bush, speaking in Oswiecim, Poland at the site of the former Auschwitz concentration camp in June 2003. Summary The American press has gone out of its way to overlook the historic fact that through Union Banking Corporation (UBC), Prescott Bush, and his father-in-law, George Herbert Walker, along with German industrialist Fritz Thyssen, financed Adolf Hitler before and during World War II. This was first reported in 1994 by John Loftus and Mark Aarons in 'The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People'. The US government knew early on that many large American companies, such as Standard Oil, General Motors and Chase Bank, were aiding and doing business hand-over-fist with the Nazis -- commerce and support which was legally proscribed after Pearl Harbor under the Trading With The Enemy Act. But as New York Times reporter Charles Higham later discovered and published in his 1983 groundbreaking book, 'Trading With The Enemy; The Nazi American Money Plot 1933-1949', "the government smothered everything -- during, and even after, the war." Why? According to Higham, the US government believed "a public scandal ... would have drastically affected public morale, caused widespread strikes and perhaps provoked mutinies in the armed services." Higham claims the government thought "their trial and imprisonment would have made it impossible for the corporate boards to help the American war effort." However, Prescott Bush's banks were not just financing Hitler as previously reported. In fact, there was a distinct business link much deeper than Higham or Loftus knew at the time their books were published. Loftus now says that a classified Dutch intelligence file leaked by a courageous Dutch intelligence officer, along with newly surfaced information from U.S. government archives, "confirms absolutely" the direct links between Bush, Thyssen and genocide profits from Auschwitz. This information reveals how Prescott Bush and UBC, which he managed directly, profited from the Holocaust. A case can thus be made that survivors of the Holocaust and its slave labor communities.could demand reparations from the inheritors of the Prescott Bush estate, including former president George Herbert Walker Bush and his son, the current false-president George Walker Bush. The facts presented here must be known, and their implications reflected upon, for a proper understanding of the Bush family and their pattern and path to riches. Both Presidents' family fortune, and eventually their very political careers, were substantially a result of the Hitler-Thyssen-Nazi financing project. The powerful Anglo-American family associations which later boosted George Herbert Walker Bush into the Central Intelligence Agency and up to the White House also numbered among his father Prescott's partners in the Hitler project. In 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Alien Property Custodian, Leo T. Crowley, signed Vesting Order Number 248 seizing the property of Prescott Bush under the Trading with the Enemy Act. The order, published in obscure government record books and kept out of the news, explained nothing about the Nazis involved -- only that the Union Banking Corporation was run for the "Thyssen family" of "Germany and/or Hungary" -- "nationals ... of a designated enemy country." But the important fact that Roosevelt himself had previously acted as a stakeholder and promoter of the rise of the Nazi's has completely escaped history's attention. By deciding that Prescott Bush and the other directors of the Union Banking Corp. were legally front men for the Nazis, the Roosevelt government and its successors avoided the more important historical issue: In what way were Hitler's Nazis themselves hired, armed and instructed by the New York and London clique of which Prescott Bush was an executive manager? It is an issue that would have damned Roosevelt himself, and the entire elitist clique of families which continue to control the fortunes of the USA and "Great Britain and Northern Ireland" today. Compilation of this Bush-Nazi timeline is an ongoing justice project of CERJ, in the interest of public education, and in hopes that this bizarre and nightmarish history will be prevented from repeating itself over and over again. -- John Wilmerding P.S.: After this timeline was compiled (and I don't claim it is completely accurate, as it comes from secondary sources), John Loftus (who is now a commentator on intelligence matters for Fox news, I hear) told me that the funds invested in Nazi Germany by the Union Banking Corporation were largely from the Rockefeller family, presumably John D. Rockefeller's estate, as he was elderly at the time and had not yet passed his wealth on to the next generation. These funds, also presumably, were brokered into high risk / high yield investments by the Harriman brothers and their special-purpose CEO for this project, Prescott Bush. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1833: The secretive Skull and Bones Society is formed at Yale University. [Both John Kerry and George Walker Bush are members. -- JW] April 20, 1889: Adolf Hitler is born in Braunau, Austria. 1897: The Union Pacific Railroad (UPR) goes bankrupt. 1898: The Union Pacific Railroad is sold to Edward Henry Harriman & his partner, Judge Robert Scott Lovett, in a deal managed by the Kuhn Loeb brokerage where Felix Warburg is a partner. September, 1900 -- Hitler begins high school in Linz Austria. A poor student, Hitler wants to become an artist and attend classical school, but his father, who more realistically hopes his son will become a government worker, sends him to a technical high school. 1902: Paul and Felix Warburg immigrate to the United States. 1904: German Alfred Ploetz founds the Archive for Racial and Social Biology, which becomes the chief journal of the German eugenics or 'race hygiene' movement. Ernst Haeckel popularizes eugenics in Germany. John D. Rockefeller issues "Occasional Letter No.1" detailing plans to mold the people, reduce national intelligence to the lowest common denominator, destroy parental influence, traditions and customs, and eliminate science and real learning, "in order to perfect human nature". An advanced eugenics laboratory is constructed by Charles B. Davenport at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, NY, also near the estates of both Dulles brothers. The facility is funded in excess of $11 million by the Harrimans and the Rockefellers. 1907: Samuel Bush is elected President of Buckeye Steel Castings Co. in Columbus, Ohio. For his entire career, Samuel Bush supplies Wall Street railroads with castings. He later becomes a close advisor to President Hoover, and first president of the National Manufacturers Association. (NAM). NAM, in its turn, establishes a history of supporting union-busting and fascism. In the 1950s, Robert Welch and other members of NAM form the John Birch Society. After failing the entrance exam to Vienna's Academy of Fine Arts, Hitler takes a variety of jobs and often sleeps on park benches. A German-speaking Austrian, Hitler develops a hatred for non-Germans, and a belief that government cannot succeed if it treats all racial groups equally. Indiana passes the first eugenics law. 1909: The Rockefeller Foundation is established. The Rockefellers support the strong eugenics movement of this time, including the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Germany. 1911: John Foster Dulles joins Sullivan and Cromwell. 1913: The Federal Reserve, a private banking cartel, is created. Paul Warburg serves as a governor of the Reserve during WW I during the same period that his brother Max was head of the German Secret Service. Ninety years later, in 2003, the Reserve remains in private hands, despite popular misapprehensions that it is part of the US government. 1914: With war close at hand, Percy Rockefeller takes control of Remington Arms & appoints Samuel F. Pryor as CEO. When World War I begins, Hitler serves in the German army, where he eventually rises to the rank of corporal. 1915: Dulles' uncle Robert Lansing is appointed Secretary of State. Lansing recruits his nephew to go to Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama on the pretext of company business, but in reality to sound out the Latin Americans on aiding the US war effort. Costa Rica, at the time, is led by vicious dictator Federico Tinoco. Dulles advises Washington to support the dictator on grounds that he was anti-German. Dulles also encourages Nicaragua dictator Emianiano Camorro to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany. In Panama, Dulles offers to let Panama waive the US tax on its annual canal fee, so long as Panama declares war on Germany. 1916: The "Great War" is spinning out of control, grinding away at Germany's resources and economy. At age 74, German industrial magnate August Thyssen sees his company, Thyssen & Company, buckling under the war's pressure. With 50,000 German employees workers and an annual production of 1,000,000 tons of steel and iron -- the main supplier of the German military -- Thyssen realizes Germany will be defeated once the US enters the war. Thyssen looked to his first born son. Educated at the finest technical business schools in Europe, Friedrich ('Fritz') Thyssen, was destined to inherit his father's estimated $100,000,000 fortune and the family's industrial empire, headquartered at Muehhlheim in the Ruhrgebiet, Germany's main industrial area. August had previously laid out precautionary plans for his second son Heinrich. At the outbreak of the war, Heinrich Thyssen discreetly changed his citizenship from German to Hungarian, marrying Hungarian aristocrat Baroness Margrit Bornemisza de Kaszon. Soon, Heinrich changed his name to Baron Thyssen Bornemisza de Kaszon. Near the end of World War I, August Thyssen opens the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart in Rotterdam. Neutral Holland was the perfect location to launder assets from the August Thyssen Bank in Berlin when the financial demands of the Allied forces surfaced. But the war ended sooner than Thyssen calculated, catching him very much off guard. 1917: Prescott Bush joins the Skull and Bones society at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Both his son and grandson (George Herbert Walker Bush and George Walker Bush) will likewise become Skull and Bones members. Brown Brothers Harriman boasts an exceptional number of Skull and Bones members ('Bonesmen') during the 1930s. November 10, 1918: German socialists take over Berlin. November 11, 1918: Germany surrenders to the WW I Allies. In his autobiography 'I Paid Hitler', Friedrich recalls "At the time of the Armistice and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, my Father and I were deeply saddened by the spectacle of Germany's abject humiliation." According to some sources, the authenticity of this autobiography is now contested. December 7, 1918: Armed militia of the socialist Spartacists League come knocking on the door of the Thyssen Villa. August and Fritz are arrested and dragged from jail to jail across Germany for four days. Along the way, they are lined up in mock executions designed to terrorize them. Fritz's younger brother Baron Thyssen Bornemisza de Kaszon moves to Rotterdam and becomes the principal owner of the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart. 1918: Robert Scott Lovett is elected president of Union Pacific Railroad. Samuel Bush is appointed to the facilities division of the US War Industries Board, chaired by Bernard Baruch and his assistant, Clarence Dillon. 1919: George Herbert Walker forms W. A. Harriman & Company, with himself as president and CEO. W. Averell Harriman, son of Edward Harriman, is the chairman. Averell would later serve as US Ambassador to the USSR in 1943-1946, as US Secretary of Commerce in 1946-1948, and as Governor of New York State in the 1950s. The Dulles brothers are involved in the Versailles Treaty negotiations after the war. The Treaty takes crucial German territory in the coal-producing and industrial Ruhr valley, and decrees that Germany must pay enormous reparations. Hitler helps form the National Socialist German Workers Party, known as the 'Nazis'. The group's main principles include uniting all Germans into one nation, creating a strong central government, and cancelling the Versailles Treaty. 1920: Averell Harriman and George Walker gain control of the German Hamburg-Amerika shipping line. The deal, arranged through the chief executive of German Hamburg-Amerika, William Cuno, and through one of the shipping line's bankers, M. M. 'Max' Warburg. The name of the firm is changed to American Ship & Commerce Corporation. After being involved in the deal, Samuel F. Pryor of Remington Arms is named to serve on the board of the renamed corporation. William Cuno later becomes a heavy contributor to Nazi Party funds. July 29, 1921 -- Hitler becomes leader of the Nazi party. He is introduced for the first time as the Party's "Führer" (the German word for 'leader'). 1922 : George Herbert Walker remains President of W. A. Harriman & Company. Averell Harriman opens the Berlin branch of the firm. A U.S. government memorandum to the Executive Committee of the office of the Alien Property Custodian, dated October 5, 1942, later indicates that at the time, Harriman met with German multi-millionaire industrialist 'Fritz' Thyssen, and that Harriman agreed at that time to set up a bank for Thyssen in New York. This bank would later be called Union Banking Corporation (UBC) and would be placed under the management of Prescott Bush. The US government memorandum also indicates that Thyssen's agent; H. J. Kouwenhoven, had traveled to New York sometime prior to 1924 pursuant to these plans. The Model Eugenics Sterilization Law is published by Harry Laughlin. This law, permutations of which were adopted in several US states, led to the sterilization of over 20,000 people. It later served as the basis of the 1935 Nuremberg Laws adopted by the Nazis. October, 1923: Fritz Thyssen visits one of Germany's great military heroes, General Erich Ludendorff. During the 1918 socialist rule in Berlin, Ludendorff had organized a military resistance against the socialists, and the industrialists were thus in great debt to him. They discuss Germany's economic collapse. Thyssen was apocalyptic, fearing the worst was yet to come. Ludendorff disagreed. "There is but one hope," Ludendorff said, "Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist party." Ludendorff respected Hitler immensely. "He is the only man who has any political sense." Ludendorff encouraged Thyssen to join the Nazi movement. After hearing Hitler speak, Fritz Thyssen begins to contribute substantial funds to the Nazi party -- initially 100,000 gold marks (roughly $25,000). Others in the steel and coal industries soon followed Thyssen's lead, although none came close to matching him. November 9, 1923: Perhaps emboldened by his newfound corporate support, Hitler engineers the 'Beer Hall Putsch' -- a plot to bring down the post-WW I German government. After learning that Bavarian leaders would be the guests of honor at an event taking place at a Munich beer hall, Hitler leads more than 2,000 Storm Troopers on a march to seize them. The effort fails, and Hitler is sentenced to five years in prison for treason. 1924 : W. A. Harriman & Co invests $400,000 in setting up the Union Banking Corporation to act in partnership with the Thyssen-owned Bank voor Handel en Scheepvart in Holland. Prescott Bush, the son of Samuel Bush, is brought into the firm by George Herbert Walker, his father-in-law, to manage Union Banking Corporation (UBC). UBC is now in the position to transfer funds back and forth for Thyssen's United Steel. Subsequent investigators conclude that "the Union Banking Corporation has since its inception handled funds chiefly supplied to it through the Dutch bank by the Thyssen interests for American investment." Walker and Harriman's firm eventually sells over $50,000,000 in German bonds to American investors, who profited enormously from the economic boom in Germany. Coinciding with the Dawes Plan, which is discussed elsewhere in this chapter, John Foster Dulles arranges a large loan for Krupp. For the loan, Dulles had called Leland Harrison, assistant secretary of state, on a Saturday to soft-pedal the item in the news. Harrison was infuriated because the department had issued a circular asking to see foreign loans before American funds were exported. Dulles knew, however, that Harrison had no authority to stop the loan. Dulles wanted to avoid the State Department's scrutiny as to whether German factories were producing military hardware. At Dulles' behest, Sullivan and Cromwell accepted the assurances of Krupp that all military hardware had been destroyed. Ethyl Corporation is formed jointly by Standard Oil and General Motors. In prison, Hitler begins writing 'Mein Kampf' (My Struggle). The book encapsulates Hitler's beliefs and plans for Germany's future. After serving only nine months in prison, however, he is released and begins rebuilding his party. 1925: By 1925, I.G. had established powerful allies inside the Republican administration. The then Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover appointed a nine-member board, Hoover's Chemical Advisory Committee. Seated on the committee were Walter Teagle (Standard Oil of New Jersey), LaMotte du Pont, Frank Blair (President of Sterling) and Henry Howard (Vice-president of Grasselli). Despite the extensive ties the four had with I.G. they sat on a committee whose role was to help America's chemical industry fight off the I.G. cartel 1926 : Prescott Bush is promoted to Vice-President of W. A. Harriman & Company. August Thyssen dies at the age of 84, leaving Fritz in control of one of the largest industrial families in Europe. With the aid of Clarence Dillon, of Dillon Read, Thyssen creates the United Steel Works (USW) or German Steel Trust, the biggest industrial conglomerate in German history. Through this merger, Thyssen brings Friedrich Flick, head of another German family juggernaut, into the US/German collaboration. Flick owned coal and steel industries throughout Germany and Poland, and desperately wanted to invest into the Thyssen empire. One of Thyssen's and Flick's purposes in their massive corporate merger was to suppress the new labor and socialist movements. Dillon Read handled the Trust's corporate banking in return for two Dillon Read representatives being placed on the board of the German Steel Trust. Albert Voegler was the chief executive of the German Steel trust, and was another indust rialist instrumental in bringing Hitler to power. Voegler held directorships in Thyssen's Dutch bank and the Hamburg-Amerika Line. Union Banking Corporation moved into in partnership with part of Flick's empire, Silesian Holding Company -- Walker, Bush and Harriman owned a third of Flick's holding company and called their holdings Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation. American I.G. is founded as a holding company controlling I.G. Farben assets in the United States. Some of its board members were Edsel Ford, Charles Mitchell (President of Rockefeller's National City Bank of New York, now known as CitiBank), Walt Teagle (President of Standard Oil), Paul Warburg (Federal Reserve chairman and brother of Max Warburg, financier of Nazi Germany's war effort and Director of American I.G.) and Herman Metz, a director of the Bank of Manhattan (now Chase Manhattan Bank), which was controlled by the Warburgs. Three other members of the Board of Governors for American I.G. were later tried and convicted as German war criminals. Allen Dulles joins Sullivan and Cromwell. 1927: John Foster Dulles becomes a director of GAF Company (American I.G.) until 1934. Hitler and the Nazi party are broke. New members and donations were sparse after the German economic recovery. Desperate for cash; Hitler tells his private secretary Rudolf Hess to 'shake down' wealthy coal tycoon and Nazi sympathizer Emil Kirdorf. Kirdorf indeed pays off Hitler's debt that year. 1928: Hitler designs to purchase the enormous Barlow Palace on Briennerstrasse, the most aristocratic section of Munich, to become the Nazi national headquarters. He tells Hess to contact Thyssen. After hearing the Hess appeal, Thyssen feels it is time to give Hitler a second chance. Through the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, Thyssen "placed Hess in possession of the required funds" to purchase and redesign the Palace. Thyssen later says the amount was about 250,000 marks, but leading Nazis would claim that the re-modeling alone cost over 800,000 marks (about $2 million in today's funds). Hitler and Thyssen became close friends after the purchase of what Hitler re-names 'Brown House'. 1929: Standard Oil and I.G. Farben begin cartel negotiations Harriman bank buys Dresser Industries, supplier of oil-pipeline couplers to Standard and other companies. Prescott Bush became a director and financial czar of Dresser, installing his Yale classmate Neil Mallon as chairman. October 29, 1929: The Wall Street stock market collapses, sending Germany -- dependent on foreign trade and American loans -- into severe depression. Germans search for a solution as they are cast into poverty. The government begins to unravel, and Hitler and his German and USA industrialist and capitalist backers see the perfect opportunity for capturing the attention of the German people and safeguarding -- if not maximizing -- profits. 1930: Dulles arranges for a wealthy Czech family, the Petscheks, to sell their interest in Silesian Coal to George Mernane, in order to hide the Petscheks' interest. Dulles then sells the shares to his friend Schacht, the Nazi economic minister. After the sale, Dulles becomes director of Consolidated Silesian Steel Company, whose sole asset was one-third interest in Upper Silesian Coal and Steel Company. The remainder of the shares remain controlled by Friedrich Flick. September 14, 1930: On election day in Germany, the Nazis receive 6,371,000 votes, over eighteen percent of the total. Thus entitled to 107 seats in the German Reichstag (parliament), the Nazis become the second largest political party in Germany. 1931 : W. A. Harriman merges with the British firm of Brown Brothers. Thatcher Brown, Prescott Bush and the two Harriman brothers become senior partners in the new firm of Brown Brothers Harriman. Robert Lovett, son of Robert Scott Lovett and a close friend of Prescott Bush, becomes a partner in the new firm. Lovett would later serve as Assistant Secretary for Air during the war, as Under Secretary Of State (1947-1949), as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1950-1951), and as Secretary of Defense (1951-1953). Prescott Bush runs Brown Brothers Harriman's New York office, while the London office of the new firm is run by Thatcher Brown. The firm's partners include well-known Nazi sympathizer Montagu Collet Norman, governor of the Bank of England, and a close friend of Prescott Bush, who often stays with the Bush family on his visits to New York. Norman's grandfather had been boss of Brown Brothers during the Civil War, when Brown Brothers were directly responsible for shipping seventy five percent of slave-produced cotton from the south to England. Prescott Bush and George Herbert Walker host the Third International Congress of Eugenics. The purpose of the event was to call for the sterilization of fourteen million Americans. The Bank of International Settlements is formed. December 1931: Fritz Thyssen officially joins the Nazi party. The party is rapidly gaining critical mass in Germany. September 1932: Thyssen invited an elite group of German industrial tycoons to his castle to meet with Hitler. They spent hours questioning Hitler, who reportedly answers all their questions with the'"utmost satisfaction," as Thyssen later remembers. Industrialist money pours into Nazi campaign coffers. November 1932: Under the slogan "Freedom and Bread," Hitler runs against Paul von Hindenburg for the German presidency. Hindenburg wins, but not by an absolute majority. , so a re-election takes place on April 12th. Though Hitler and the Nazis are very popular, Hindenburg, 85, is elected to another seven-year term. January 4, 1933: Hitler is invited to the Schroeder Bank by a group of industrialists. The industrialists gave Hitler the money to overcome his financial problems, in turn for a pledge to break the German trade unions. Present at this meeting were two Americans -- John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles. January 30, 1933: Von Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor of Germany, and the Nazis immediately move to seize dictatorial power through a national emergency-based coup d'etat. They begin planning to burn the Reichstag and take over the government. March 23, 1933: Hitler becomes dictator of Germany after his proposed act, "Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich," is passed 441 to 84. The law essentially suspends freedoms, legislates democracy out of existence, and establishes his legal dictatorship. Max Warburg is selected by Prescott Bush to be the American Ship & Commerce Line official representative on the board of the Hamburg-Amerika Line. Warburg was a long time advisor of Hjalmar Schacht, the Nazi's Economic Minister and an executive in the Reichsbank. Warburg was also a close friend with Montagu Collet Norman. An agreement to coordinate all trade between Germany & America was reached in Berlin after negotiations between Hitler's Economics Minister, Hjalmar Schacht & John Foster Dulles. As a result Oliver Harriman, Averell's cousin, formed a syndicate of 150 firms to conduct all business between Germany and the United States. North German Lloyd Co. merged with Hamburg-Amerika Line in Hamburg. Christian Beck, a long time Harriman, executive was placed as manager of 'freight & operations' in North America for this newly-merged company. Emil Helfferich, an ardent Nazi, was appointed chairman of this new company called Hapag-Lloyd. Nazi security guards were now on all ships of the company. William S. Farish was appointed chairman of Standard Oil by John D. Rockefeller. Farish was close friends with Hermann Schmitz, chairman of I.G. Farben. Farish hired Ivy Lee, to write pro-I.G. Farben and pro-Nazi propaganda and get it into the U.S. press. He hired Nazi German crews for Standard Oil tankers. In addition, he hired "Emil Helfferich," chairman of the Hamburg-Amerika Line, as chairman also of the Standard Oil Company subsidiary in Germany. Karl Lindemann, board member of Hamburg-Amerika, also became a top Farish-Standard executive in Germany. The interlock placed Farish and Prescott Bush in a small group of Hitler supporters. Both Emil Helfferich and Karl Lindemann were authorized to write checks to Heinrich Himmler, chief of the Nazi SS, on a special Standard Oil account. This account was managed by the German-British-American banker, Kurt von Schroeder. According to U.S. intelligence documents reviewed by author Anthony Sutton, Helfferich continued his payme nts to the SS into 1944, when the SS was supervising the mass murder at Standard-I.G. Farben's Auschwitz and other death camps. Helfferich told Allied interrogators after the war that these were not his personal contributions -- they were corporate Standard Oil funds. March 19, 1934: Prescott Bush reportedly hands Averell Harriman a copy of that day's New York Times: The Polish government is applying to take over Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation and Upper Silesian Coal and Steel Company from'"German and American interests" because of rampant "mismanagement, excessive borrowing, fictitious bookkeeping and gambling in securities." The Poles require the owners of the company, which accounted for over 45% of Poland's steel production, to pay at least their full share of back taxes. Bush and Harriman eventually hire attorney John Foster Dulles to help cover up any improprieties that might arise under investigative scrutiny. August 2, 1934 -- Hitler is now head of a one-party fascist German state, and thus officially assumes the title of German "Führer". 1934: The US Senate Nye Committee hearings revealed Samuel Pryor, chairman of Remington Arms & founding director of both the UBC & the American Ship & Commerce Corp. had joined in a cartel agreement with I.G. Farben. The committee also uncovered that the Nazis were armed with mostly American arms. E. W. Webb, president of Ethyl Corporation was advised that Washington had learned of the intention of "forming a German company with the I.G. to manufacture ethyl lead in Germany. The War Department indicated that there was considerable criticism of this technological transfer. The Ethyl Company was then advised by the Army Air Corps that "under no conditions should you or the Board of Directors of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation disclose any secrets or 'know-how' in connection with the manufacture of tetraethyl lead to Germany. With Hitler in solid control of Germany, the profits from the Thyssen-Flick union soar to over a hundred million dollars a year. Both Union Bank and the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart are overflowing with money. Prescott Bush becomes managing director of Union Banking Corporation and takes over the day-to-day operations of the German plan. John Foster Dulles was publicly supporting the Nazi philosophy. In 1935, he wrote a long article for the Atlantic Monthly entitled "The Road to Peace." He excused Germany's secret rearmament as an action taking back their freedom. Knowing what he did about Inco and Germany's munitions industry, Dulles was misleading in asserting Germany's, Italy's, and Japan's desires for peace. Later in the 1930s, Dulles helped organize the American First group. A month before Pearl Harbor he donated $500 to the group. Later he would claim no association with the group. Dulles continued his support of the Nazi line right up to the time Germany invaded Poland. Dulles' excuse for the Poland invasion was much like blaming the victim for the crime. 1935: The German Nazi party and fascist government pass the Nuremberg Laws, persecuting the German Jews. Ethyl Corporation signed a joint production agreement with I.G. Farben in Germany to form Ethyl G.m.b.H. and with Montecatini in fascist Italy for the production of tetraethyl lead. The directors of Ethyl Gasoline Corporation at the time of this transfer: E.W. Webb, president and director; C.F. Kettering; R.P. Russell; W.C. Teagle, Standard Oil of New Jersey and trustee of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Georgia Warm Springs Foundation; F. A. Howard; E. M. Clark, Standard Oil of New Jersey; A. P. Sloan, Jr.; D. Brown; J. T. Smith; and W.S. Parish of Standard Oil of New Jersey. John Foster Dulles narrowly misses being indicted in a case involving Union Electric Company of Missouri, a subsidiary of the North America Company. The Securites & Exchange Commission had discovered the company operated a slush fund to bribe legislators. The fund received kickbacks from its local lawyers and an insurance company. The firm had bribed the entire Missouri legislature. SEC general counsel Travis Lane cynically attributed that the failure to the grand jury to indict Dulles was due to his 'charm'. The Nuremberg Laws are passed in Germany, paving the way for the Holocaust. 1936: The Schroeder Bank in New York merges with the Rockefellers to form Schroeder, Rockefeller & Company, Inc. Carlton P. Fuller of Schroeder Banking Corporation became president and Avery Rockefeller, became vice president. 1937: By the end of January 1937, Dulles had merged all his cloaking activities into one client account, Brown Brothers Harriman-Schroeder Rock. Schroeder, of course, was the Nazi bank on whose board Dulles sat. The 'Rock' was the Rockefellers of Standard Oil, who were already coming under scrutiny for their Nazi deals. At the request of Prescott Bush, Dulles had by now cloaked the Bush-Harriman dealings with the Nazis. February, 1938: Hitler becomes commander of the German army (Wehrmacht). Many army officers do not trust the German dictator, but lack the courage to oppose him. November 9, 1938: The Nazis execute their first mass persecution of the Jews, reportedly destroying 7,500 Jewish businesses, burning 267 synagogues, and murdering 91 Jews. The destruction later comes to be known as Kristallnacht, "the night of broken glass." Soon after, a dozen of the Nazi party's most radical anti-Semites meet and decide to eliminate Jews from German economic life. September 1, 1939: World War II begins when Hitler invades Poland. By this time, concentration camps for war-related slave labor are being established throughout Germany, Poland, and Russia. However, a plan to use Soviet prisoners of war as forced labor falls through, and the Nazis begin shipping Jews, communists, gypsies and other "undesirables" to the concentration camps. The Bush-managed Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation was located near the Polish town of Oswiecim -- re-named Auschwitz by the German conquerors -- and I. G. Farben decides to build one of the slave labor camps there. The Auschwitz camp benefits from locally-abundant supplies of coal, which could be processed into aviation fuel. According to a Dutch intelligence agent, Prescott Bush personally manages a portion of the slave labor force in Poland. Farish's daughter Martha married Averell Harriman's nephew, Edward Harriman Gerry. 1940: Allen Dulles served on the board of the Schroeder bank. John Foster Dulles served as the legal counsel for Schroeder Bank. Schroeder Bank in turn acted as a financial arm of the Nazis. December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor is bombed and war is declared. December 13, 1941: President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau, and US Attorney General Francis Biddle signed the Trading With the Enemy Act, which bans any US business interests or arrangements with US enemies of war. Yet Prescott Bush continues with 'business as usual', aiding the Nazi expansion in Europe and supplying massive resources for weaponry that would eventually be turned on American solders in combat against Germany. January 20, 1942: At the Wannsee conference, the Nazis reportedly make the 'Final Solution' decision -- to exterminate all of European Jewry. March 25, 1942: U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold announces that Bush eugenics protege William Stamps Farish has pleaded "no contest" to charges of criminal conspiracy with the Nazis. Farish had been the principal manager of a cartel agreement between Standard Oil and I.G. Farben to build an industrial plant to produce artificial rubber and gasoline from coal at Auschwitz, taking advantage of the concentration camp's supply of slave labor. At this time, Deutsche-Amerikanische Petroleum A.G. (DAPAG), the Standard Oil subsidiary in Germany, was 94-percent owned by Standard Oil of New Jersey, which was represented in the inner circles of Naziism by Karl Lindemann (director of DAPAG and member of Himmler's Circle of Friends) and by board member Emil Helfrich, who was an original member of the Keppler Circle. Karl Lindemann's connections extended into the international banking area as director of several banks, including the Dresdner Bank, the Deutsche Reichsbank, and the private Nazi-oriented bank of C. Melchior & Company. August, 1942: Leo Crowley, the US Alien Property Custodian ordered the seizure of all property of Hapag-Lloyd. October 1942: Ten months after entering World War II, as the USA prepares its first assault against Nazi military forces, Prescott Bush, father of George Herbert Walker Bush and grandfather of the current President, George Walker Bush, remains managing partner of Brown Brothers Harriman, now one of the USA's largest brokerages and investment firms, and CEO of Union Banking Corporation, where he managerially controls the Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation. His 18-year-old son George Herbert Walker Bush, the future U.S. President, is in training to become a US navy fighter pilot. October 20, 1942: The US Government's Alien Property Custodian seizes the stock shares of the Union Banking Corporation, whose shareholders at the time were: Prescott S. Bush -- senior managing partner in the firm on behalf of E. Roland Harriman and Averell Harriman. Averell will later hold many public offices, including Governor of New York State. E. Rowland ("Bunny") Harriman Cornelis Lievense (banking functionary for the Nazis) Harold D. Pennington (of Brown Brothers Harriman) Ray Morris (of Brown Brothers Harriman) Johann G. Groeninger (An industrial Exec. In Nazi Germany). H.J. Kouwenhoven (As financial emissary of Fritz Thyssen, and in mid-1920's negotiations with George Walker and Averell Harriman, Kouwenhoven founded the UBC. He was also managing director of UBC's Netherlands affiliate under Nazi occupation, and director and chief foreign financial executive of the German Steel Trust) During the same month, the United States government seizes two additional companies: Seamless Steel Equipment Corp. & Holland-American Trading Corp., The seizure orders described this stock and assets thusly: "all of which shares are held for the benefit of ... members of the Thyssen family, [and therefore] property of nationals ... of a designated enemy country ..." October 26, 1942: Only six days after the Bush/Harriman/Thyssen stock seizures, U.S. troops are under way for their first direct ground combat with the German army in North Africa. October 28, 1942: The US government issues orders seizing two Nazi front organizations run by UBC; the Holland-American Trading Corporation and the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation, both of which are under Prescott Bush's management.. November 8, 1942 -- U.S. forces land under heavy Nazi fire near Algiers, North Africa; heavy combat rages throughout November. Further Bush-Nazi interests in the Silesian-American Corporation, which has long been managed by Prescott Bush and his father-in-law George Herbert Walker, are seized under the Trading with the Enemy Act on November 17, 1942. In this action, however, the government announces that it is seizing only the Nazi interests, leaving the Nazis' U.S. partners -- including Bush and the Harrimans -- to carry on the business. These and other actions taken by the U.S. government in wartime were, tragically, too little and too late. The Bush Presidents' father and grandfather, Prescott Bush, had already played a central role in financing and arming Adolf Hitler for his takeover of Germany; in financing and managing the buildup of Nazi war industries for the conquest of Europe and war against the U.S.A.; and in the development of Nazi 'eugenic' genocide theories and racial propaganda, with their well-known results. Bush's share holdings in UBC will later be returned to him. In fact, Thyssen's and the other holders' ownership shares are eventually returned too. Today, the Thyssen group has absorbed Krupp Steel -- another notorious WW II user of concentration camp slave labor -- and ThyssenKrupp is the largest industrial conglomerate in Germany. 1943: Though he retains ownership of his UBC stock, Prescott Bush resigns as CEO of the banking firm. But politicians don't bite the hand that feeds them ... in an indication of his and his financial cronies' continued steadfast support at the highest levels of US government, Bush is immediately 'rehabilitated', subsequently becomes chairman of the National War Fund, and.helps to raise millions for dozens of war-related causes. July 20, 1944: A few weeks after Allied forces invade Europe, several high military and civilian officials, including Field Marshal Erwin von Witzleben and the mayor of Leipzig, try to assassinate Hitler with a bomb. Hitler is injured, but not killed. March 19, 1945: As the Red Army approaches Berlin, Hitler orders the destruction of what remains of German industry, communications and transport systems, in the belief that if he does not survive Germany should also perish. April 30, 1945: Ten days after his 56th birthday, Hitler commits suicide in his Berlin bunker. The day before, he marries his mistress, Eva Braun, and issues a last statement: "I charge the leaders of the nation and those under them to scrupulous observance of the laws of race, and to merciless opposition to the universal poisoner of all peoples, international Jewry." June 7, 1945 -- Nazi Germany surrenders. 1945: The U.S. Treasury Department revealed to congress that United Steel produced the following percentages of war munitions for the Nazis: Pig iron 50.8%; Pipe & tubes 45.5%; Universal plate 41.4%; Galvanized sheet 38.5%; Heavy plate 36%; Explosives 35%; Wire 22.1%. This is the same firm Prescott Bush acted as banker for. In effect, Prescott was Hitler's American banker. Allen Dulles seeks out a young Naval Officer, raised a Quaker, who had been put in charge of some captured Nazi documents. If the documents had surfaced, it would have revealed Dulles as a traitor. In a deal to bury the documents, Dulles agreed to finance the young man's first political race on a platform of anti-communism. This was the beginning of the political career of Richard Milhaus Nixon. Project Paperclip begins to import Nazis into the United States. 1946: Nixon defeats Jerry Voohris for congress with the help of an influx of money from New York centered banks. 1947: Following the war, authorities seeking to locate the Dutch Royal family's jewelry discover the transaction papers of the Silesian American Corporation in the books of Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart. The bank manager, H. J. Kounhoven, comes under intense scrutiny and is quoted as being "shocked" by the discovery. Kounhoven subsequently travels to New York to inform Prescott Bush of the investigation. Two weeks later, the otherwise healthy Dutch banker dies of a heart attack. 1948: Fritz Thyssen's life is in ruins. He has been jailed by the Nazis, jailed by the Allies, and interrogated by US investigators. Thyssen and Flick are ordered to pay reparations, and serve time in prison. 1950: Prescott Bush is defeated in his first political race, due to his background association with the American eugenics movement. February 8, 1951: Fritz Thyssen dies in exile in Argentina at the age of 78. The Alien Property Custodian releases the assets of the Union Banking Corporation to Brown Brothers Harriman. The remaining stockholders cash in their stock, quietly liquidating the rest of UBC's blood money. Prescott Bush receives $1.5 million for his UBC holding. Bush uses that money to help his son, George Herbert Walker Bush, set up his first royalty firm, Overby Development Company, that same year. 1952: Prescott Bush is elected to the U.S. Senate, and is instrumental in the Republican Party's selection of Richard Milhaus Nixon as vice presidential candidate. 1953: John Foster Dulles is appointed Secretary of State. Allen Dulles appointed Director of the CIA. With money from Brown Brothers and Harriman, George Herbert Walker Bush forms Zapata Petroleum, a front for the CIA. 1954: The CIA, under the direction of Allen Dulles, helps plan a coup against Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala to aid the United Fruit Company ('Chiquita Banana'). Schroeder Bank is partnered with United Fruit in the banana business. Allen Dulles is a sitting board member of Schroeder Bank. Both John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles have investments in firms which have heavily capitalized United Fruit. In addition, the American ambassador at the UN is a stockholder of United Fruit, and President Dwight Eisenhower's personal secretary is the wife of United Fruit's public relations director. The Dulles brothers convince Eisenhower that Arbenz is a threat to American national security, and get his approval to develop a plan to get rid of the Guatemalan President. 1961: C. Dillon appointed Secretary of Treasury. The Bay of Pigs fiasco. Two of the ships were named Houston and Barbara. The CIA code name for the Bay of Pigs was Operation Zapata, tying George H.W. Bush to the operation. Additionally in 1981, the year before George Bush was elected vice president, all of the SEC records for Zapata Petroleum from between 1960 and 1966 disappeared. John Kennedy fires Allen Dulles after the Bay of Pigs. 1963: John F. Kennedy signs legislation returning to the government of the USA the right to mint its own currency, a direct affront to the 50-year-old privately-held Federal Reserve banking cartel. Kennedy is assassinated. Sources later implicate Cuban and Cuban-American elements in the CIA and/or affiliated with the Cosa Nostra (Italian Mafia), who were disenchanted with Kennedy's decision not to support the failed Bay of Pigs invasion with air power. The Cosa Nostra had lost enormous gambling interests during Castro's takeover of Cuba, and were anxious to re-establish the gambling industry there. However, other sources and rumors point in the direction of US capitalist interests threatened by Kennedy's currency reform initiative. Later reports indicate that numerous big-money 'contracts' on Kennedy's life were circulating widely in the CIA/Cosa Nostra 'soldier of fortune' culture of mercenaries and 'hit-men' at the time. On the very day of Kennedy's assassination, George Herbert Walker Bush, in Houston, is reportedly heard to speculate on that possibility, saying that he knows of people who want Kennedy killed. 1964: George Bush campaigns against the Civil Rights Act in his bid for election. He loses the election. 1966: George Herbert Walker Bush is elected to congress. 1968: Richard Milhaus Nixon elected President. 1969: Zapata attempts to buy out United Fruit ,another company with strong ties to the CIA and involved in the overthrow of reformed-minded Central American countries. 1969: George Herbert Walker Bush tells the House of Representatives that unless the menace of human population growth is "recognized and made manageable, starvation, pestilence and war will solve it for us." Bush repeatedly compares population growth to a disease. In remarks to the House July 30, 1969, he likens the fight against the polio virus to the crusade to reduce the world's population. Urging the federal government to step up population control efforts, he said: "We have a clear precedent: When the Salk vaccine was discovered, large-scale programs were undertaken to distribute it. I see no reason why similar programs of education and family planning assistance should not be instituted in the United States on a massive scope." Congressman Bush helps found, then chairs, the Republican Task Force on Earth Resources and Population,.which churns out a steady stream of propaganda claiming the world is already seriously overpopulated. The task force tries to rehabilitate the eugenics movement, seeking to accredit the idea that the human race was being "down bred," or reduced in genetic quality. A kind of 'Malthusian vanguard' organization, they hear testimony from "race scientist" William Shockley at Bush's invitation, pointing up the arrogance of Bush's commitment to eugenics. Shockley had caused a furor during the 1960's by advancing his thesis, already repeatedly disproven, that blacks were genetically inferior to whites in cognitive faculties and intelligence. In the same year in which Bush invited him to appear before the GOP task force, Shockley had written: "Our nobly intended welfare programs may be encouraging dysgenics -- retrogressive evolution through disproportionate reproduction of the genetically disadvantaged ... We fear that 'fatuous beliefs' in the power of welfare money, unaided by eugenic foresight, may contribute to a decline of human quality for all segments of society." Shockley advocated a program of mass sterilization of the unfit and mentally defective, which he called his "Bonus Sterilization Plan." The special target of Shockley's prescriptions for mass sterilizations were blacks, whom he saw as reproducing too fast. "If those blacks with the least amount of Caucasian genes are in fact the most prolific and the least intell igent, then genetic enslavement will be the destiny of their next generation," he wrote. Looking at the recent past, Shockley said in 1967: "The lesson to be drawn from Nazi history is the value of free speech, not that eugenics is intolerable." 1971: George Bush is appointed as ambassador to the United Nations. Nixon reverses Kennedy's currency initiative, and takes the dollar off the gold standard. Henceforth, the dollar is no longer backed with precious metals, but rather -- in effect -- by the USA's control over the world's capitalist means of production, especially the oil industry. 1971: In a published article, longtime Bush family eugenics protege William Draper likens the developing nations to an "animal reserve", where, when the animals become too numerous, the park rangers "arbitrarily reduce one or another species as necessary to preserve the balanced environment for all other animals. "But who will be the park ranger for the human race?",' he asked. "Who will cull out the surplus in this country or that country when the pressure of too many people and too few resources increases beyond endurance? Will the death-dealing Horsemen of the Apocalypse -- war in its modern nuclear dress, hunger haunting half the human race, and disease -- will the gaunt and forbidding Horsemen become Park Ranger for the two-legged animal called man?'' 1972: The Watergate scandal erupts during Nixon's reelection campaign. George Bush appointed chairman of the Republican Party. Bush proceeds to set up the ethnic heritage groups in the party. In short, these groups are nothing more than a haven for Nazi émigrés from Eastern Europe. Members of the Republican Heritage Groups Council includ Lazlo Paszor, a Hungary Arrow Cross member, Radi Slavoff, a Bulgarian fascist, Nicolas Nazarenko, a former SS officer in the Cossack Division, Florian Gaddu, a Romanian Iron Guard member, and Method Balco, a Slovakian fascist. Both Allen Dulles and Nixon believed these émigrés were useful in getting out the vote. 1973: OPEC raises oil prices, engendering massive economic upsets and gasoline shortages. This will later result in the USA 'making the Saudis an offer they can't refuse' -- either accept only dollars for the purchase of crude oil, or lose US military protection. The House of Saud and OPEC decide they don't want their governments overthrown, and the 'petrodollar' is created, making trafficking in crude oil the primary commercial valuation behind the dollar. 1975: Colby reveals information about secret domestic operations by the CIA: 'Mockingbird', 'Mk-Ultra'. Cheney seeks Colby's removal. 1976: George Bush is appointed CIA director by President Gerald Ford, a former member of the pro-Nazi group, American First. George Bush allowed the execution of Chilean dissident Orlando Letelier by the fascist regime of Pinochet. Bush was fully informed of the operation of the Chilean Operation Condor program to execute dissidents. Operation Condor was an extensive operation by several South American countries led by Chile to conduct worldwide assassinations of dissidents to the fascist military regimes in South America. 1980: George Bush is elected vice president, and places his father's family inheritance in a blind trust. The trust is managed by his old friend and quail-hunting partner, William "Stamps" Farish III. Bush's choice of Farish to manage his patriarchal wealth is quite revealing -- it demonstrates that the former president might know exactly where some of his inheritance originated. 1984: Arbusto Energy Inc, having been founded by George W Bush, is sold after financial failure. 1988: Silverado Banking Savings & Loan is shut down by regulators. Neil Bush, son of the Vice President and candidate for President, was a director. The seizure and investigation had been delayed to after the election. Fred Malek, a well-known Nazi collaborator, was part of Bush's campaign for President. Malek would again serve Bush in his 1992 race for reelection. Several Bush campaign staffers forced to resign after it was disclosed they were ex-Nazi war criminals including Laszlo Pastor and Yaroslav Stetsko. William Draper serves as head of Bush's campaign fund-raising. Draper's grandfather had founded the Pioneer Fund to promote eugenics. 1989: George Bush takes oath of office as President. He places his assets in a blind trust managed by William Farish, grandson of the Wiliam Farish that supplied Hitler with Zyklon B gas. 1990: Following the Gulf War, Bahrain awarded an offshore drilling contract to Harken Oil; a firm affiliated with George W. Bush the son of the President. George W. sells his stake in Harken and one week later the share price collapses. 1992: George Bush pardons all of the principal players in the Iran-Contra scandal. 1996: George Bush, the 'poppy' praises Sun Myung Moon in Buenos Aires. The Moon organization is full of ex-Nazis and is closely affiliated with the World Anti-Communist League, which is also full of ex-Nazis. 2000: George W. Bush appointed President by 5-4 vote of the U.S. Supreme Court. 2001: The USA PATRIOT Act passes restricting our constitutional freedoms at the urging of George W. Bush. 2003: George Walker Bush, during an official state visit to Auschwitz, utters the immortal words 'History tells us what's possible." Epilogue Over the course of his lifetime Benito Mussolini (1883-1945) went from Socialism -- he was editor of Avanti, a socialist newspaper -- to the leadership of a new political movement called "fascism" [after "fasces", the symbol of bound sticks used as a totem of power in ancient Rome] It was Benito Mussolini who said: "Fascism should more appropriately be called Corporatism, because it is a merger of State and corporate power." "The foundation of Fascism is the conception of the State, its character, its duty, and its aim. Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived of in their relation to the State. The conception of the Liberal State is not that of a directing force, guiding the play and development, both material and spiritual, of a collective body, but merely a force limited to the function of recording results: on the other hand, the Fascist State is itself conscious and has itself a will and a personality -- thus it may be called the "ethic" State ... "...The Fascist State organizes the nation, but leaves a sufficient margin of liberty to the individual; the latter is deprived of all useless and possibly harmful freedom, but retains what is essential; the deciding power in this question cannot be the individual, but the State alone ... "... For Fascism, the growth of empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is an essential manifestation of vitality, and its opposite a sign of decadence. Peoples which are rising, or rising again after a period of decadence, are always imperialist; and renunciation is a sign of decay and of death. Fascism is the doctrine best adapted to represent the tendencies and the aspirations of a people ... who are rising again after many centuries of abasement and foreign servitude. "But empire demands discipline, the coordination of all forces and a deeply felt sense of duty and sacrifice: this fact explains many aspects of the practical working of the regime, the character of many forces in the State, and the necessarily severe measures which must be taken against those who would oppose this spontaneous and inevitable movement ... and would oppose it by recalling the outworn ideology of the nineteenth century -- repudiated wheresoever there has been the courage to undertake great experiments of social and political transformation; for never before has the nation stood more in need of authority, of direction and order. "If every age has its own characteristic doctrine, there are a thousand signs which point to Fascism as the characteristic doctrine of our time. For if a doctrine must be a living thing, this is proved by the fact that Fascism has created a living faith; and that this faith is very powerful in the minds of men is demonstrated by those who have suffered and died for it." http://prorev.com/fascist.htm <---- next eight paragraphs taken from this page One of the reasons we have such difficulty perceiving our current conditions is our aversion to this single word: fascism. While there is no hesitation by politicians to draw parallels with the Holocaust to justify whatever foreign adventure appeals to them, or for the media to make similar analogies at the drop of swastika on a wall, we seem only able to understand -- or even mention -- the climax of fascism rather than its genesis. Why this reluctance? Perhaps it is because we are much closer to the latter than to the former. In any case, it is one of the most dangerous forms of political myopia in which to indulge. Italians, who invented the term fascism, also called it the 'estato corporativo': the corporatist state. Orwell rightly described fascism as being an extension of capitalism. It is an economy in which the government serves the interests of oligopolies, a state in which large corporations have the powers that in a democracy devolve to the citizen. Today, it is no exaggeration to call our economy corporatist, which has been described by British academics R.E. Pahl and J. T. Winkler as a system in which the government guides privately owned businesses towards order, unity, nationalism and success." "Let us not mince words, they said. "Corporatism is fascism with a human face." The Nazis had their own word for it: wehrwirtschaft, semantically linking wehr (for defense, bulwark, weapon) with wirtshaft (for housekeeping, domestic economy, husbandry) to describe an economy based on the assumption of warfare. The concept was not new, however. William L. Shirer points out in 'The Rise and the Fall of the Third Reich' that 18th and 19th century Prussia devoted 70% of its revenue to the army and "that nation's whole economy was always regarded as primarily an instrument not of the people's welfare but of military policy." In Hitler's Germany even the pogroms were part of national economic planning, seizing Jewish shops and companies and replacing Jewish workers with the Aryan unemployed. Hitler argued that "private enterprise cannot be maintained in a democracy", and denounced "the freedom to starve", in a country which had known as many as six million without jobs. Wrote Shirer, "In taking away that last freedom, Hitler assured himself of the support of the working class." The link between business and fascism was clear to German corporatists. Auschwitz was not just a way to get rid of Jews, it was also a major source of cheap labor [and of Bush family profits. -- JW]. As Richard Rubenstein points out in The Cunning of History, "I.G. Farben's decision to locate at Auschwitz was based upon the very same criteria by which contemporary multinational corporations relocate their plants -- in utter indifference to the social consequences of such moves." I.G. Farben invested over a billion dollars in today's money at Auschwitz and, thanks to the endless supply of labor, adopted a policy of deliberately working the Jewish slaves to death. In such ways do economics and freedom become intertwined. Those who think it can't happen here should consider that four days before Mussolini became premier, he met with a group of industrialists and assured them that his aim "was to reestablish discipline within the factories and that no outlandish experiments .... would be carried out." In Friendly Fascism, Bertram Gross notes that Mussolini also won "the friendship, support or qualified approval" of the American ambassador, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Thomas Lamont, many newspapers and magazine publishers, the majority of business journals, and quite a sprinkling of liberals, including some associated with both the Nation and The New Republic." Orwell understood fascism. One of the characteristics of his '1984' inner party, the ten percent who controlled the rest, was that there was no sexual or racial discrimination. He understood that ethnic eradication, while characteristic of nazism, was not required for fascism. Even earlier, Aldous Huxley set up a similar non-discriminatory dystopia in 'Brave New World'. In fact, one of the characteristics of the modern propaganda state is the use of ethnic and sexual iconography to cover its tracks. Thus Richard Nixon was slurring Jews in Oval Office conversations even as he set a new record in their high-level appointments. And William J. Clinton was called 'our first black president' by Toni Morrison even as the government was sending young black males to prison in unprecedented numbers. This piece was assembled by -- John Wilmerding Coalition for Equity-Restorative Justice (CERJ) Ra Energy Fdn. Raleigh Myers http://raenergy.igc.org/raenergy.html -- ============================================================ If you find this material useful, you might want to check out our website (http://cyberjournal.org) or try out our low-traffic, moderated email list by sending a message to: •••@••.••• You are encouraged to forward any material from the lists or the website, provided it is for non-commercial use and you include the source and this disclaimer. Richard Moore (rkm) Wexford, Ireland "Global Transformation: Whey We Need It And How We Can Achieve It", current draft: http://www.ratical.org/co-globalize/rkmGlblTrans.html _____________________________ "...the Patriot Act followed 9-11 as smoothly as the suspension of the Weimar constitution followed the Reichstag fire." - Srdja Trifkovic There is not a problem with the system. The system is the problem. Faith in ourselves - not gods, ideologies, leaders, or programs. _____________________________ "Zen of Global Transformation" home page: http://www.QuayLargo.com/Transformation/ QuayLargo discussion forum: http://www.QuayLargo.com/Transformation/ShowChat/?ScreenName=ShowThreads cj list archives: http://cyberjournal.org/cj/show_archives/?lists=cj newslog list archives: http://cyberjournal.org/cj/show_archives/?lists=newslog _____________________________ Informative links: http://www.indymedia.org/ http://www.globalresearch.ca/ http://www.MiddleEast.org http://www.rachel.org http://www.truthout.org http://www.williambowles.info/monthly_index/ http://www.zmag.org http://www.co-intelligence.org ============================================================
